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.Management Sciences
Category: Crime and Deviance
Which of these is NOT an example of target hardening ?
A. anti-social behavior orders
B. Steering locks
C. burglar alrams
D. CCTV
The “natural law” approach is essentially concerned with__________________?
A. civil law or torts
B. limiting the powers of wealthy businessmen
C. family law
D. limiting the powers of government
E. the protection of universal human rights
Which of the following was not identified as one of the four major social bonds in Hirschi’s Social Control theory ?
A. religiosity
B. commitment
C. involvement
D. belief
E. attachment
Which of the following is not a reason why corporate crime is more difficult to prosecute compared with individual crimes ?
A. victims may not realise that a crime has been committed
B. it is more difficult to apportion blame to corporate criminals
C. legal systems are founded on individual not collective responsibility
D. corporate offences cause less harm than crimes against an individual
Labelling theory came into prominence during which decade of the twentieth century ?
A. 1950s
B. 1980s
C. 1940s
D. 1960s
E. 1970s
Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual but a process of interaction through which one group becomes defined as deviant ?
A. labelling theory
B. control theory
C. functionalist theory
D. conflict theory
The approach to crime prevention based on increased surveillance (such as CCTV and Neighborhood Watch schemes) and target hardening (such as a car immobilizers and better home security) is known as what ?
A. the new criminology
B. broken windows theory
C. situational crime prevention
D. deviance reduction theory
Biological positivists have tended to focus on what type of crime ?
A. Violent
B. juvenile
C. drug-related
D. white collar
Conflict theory’s primary suggestion for reducing crime and deviance involves the_____________?
A. Substantial reduction of economic inequality
B. Subordination of the agents of social control
C. redefinition of acts that are currently defined as criminal
D. amelioration of social welfare activities
E. repression of lower-class gang activities
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