Category: General Microbiology

A. Vegetative forms
B. Spore forms
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above

A. The bacteria should be able to be isolated from a diseased tissue
B. When inoculated in experimental animals bacteria may or may not cause disease
C. Pure cultures can be obtained
D. Bacteria should be able to be isolated from the diseased tissue in the experimental animals

A. Growing bacteria in adverse environment
B. Growing bacteria in unconventional host
C. Serial passage in an experimental host
D. Repeated cultures in artificial media

A. Resistance transfer factor (RTF)
B. Colicigenic factor (Col)
C. Fertility factor (F+)
D. All of the above

A. Gram’s staining
B. Fontana’s staining
C. India ink preparation
D. Zheil-Neilson’s staining

A. Autoclaving
B. Hot air oven
C. Incineration
D. Formaldehyde

A. Disinfectant
B. Moist heat sterilisation
C. Antibiotics
D. Dry heat sterilization

A. Liquid paraffin → Dry heat
B. Glass syringes → Boiling at 169°C for 60 min
C. Flash pasteurization of milk → 72° C for 15 seconds, followed quickly by rapid cooling to 13°C for lower
D. Vaccines → Ethylene oxide

A. Urticaria
B. Asthma
C. Anaphylaxis
D. Arthus reaction

A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgD